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Page Contents: Substitutions Suggestions for Adapting Recipes Other Substitutions Chinese Food Substitutes Equivalents Approximate Measurements Equivalents Metric Conversion Terms British ingredients and cooking terms and their American counterparts

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Suggestions for Adapting Recipes

Milk - nut milk, coconut milk
Butter - olive oil, bacon grease, coconut oil
Yogurt - coconut milk
Sour cream - chilled coconut milk combined with a few drops of lemon juice
Whip cream - chilled coconut milk flavored with a bit of honey or orange
zest

Vinegar - small amounts can be substituted with lemon or lime juice. As a
general rule, tomato recipes such as salsa would use lime juice, fruit
recipes would use lemon juice.
Cider vinegar - apple juice

Alcohol - sometimes very hard to adapt. In some cases the alcohol can
simply be deleted altogether. Or depending on the recipe, substituted with
chicken or beef broth. Juice would also be an alternative, grape, orange
or apple. In some cases a combination of both broth and juice.

White sugar - using half the amount called for, substitute honey
Brown sugar - using half the amount called for, substitute maple syrup
Molasses - honey or maple syrup

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Other Substitutions

1 teaspoon dried herbs for 1 tablespoon fresh herbs

1 tablespoon instant minced onion, rehydrated, to replace 1 small fresh
onion

1/8 teaspoon garlic powder instead of 1 small pressed clove of garlic

substitute 2 tablespoons of flour or 1 tablespoon cornstarch for 1
tablespoon of arrowroot to use as a thickening agent

mix 1/2 cup tomato sauce with 1/2 cup of water to make 1 cup tomato juice

use canned pumpkin/butternut squash to replace tomatoes and its sauces and 
pastes

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Chinese Food Substitutes

>are any substitutes for the usual non-paleo suspects: soy sauce, hoisin
>sauce, rice vinegar.

In some recipes, you can try fish sauce instead of soy sauce. It has a
similar flavor. It is made with anchovy extract and sea salt. Toasted sesame
oil can give the flavor you are looking for as well. Don't be stingy with
the salt. Use a good sea salt like Maldon or Fleur de Sel. Go with the
garnishes (toasted sesame seeds, sliced scallions), and you might not miss
the soy sauce. Fermented foods have a unique flavor that is hard to
duplicate, but toasted seeds and anchovies come close.

By Stacie Tolen. Posted to the PaleoRecipe Mailing List, Nov. 2000

2012 update:
People are now using coconut animos to replace soy sauce. It is sweeter and 
less salty than soy sauce.

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Approximate Measurements

1 lemon = 3 tablespoons juice
1 lemon = 1 teaspoon grated peel
1 orange = 1/3 cup juice
1 orange = 2 teaspoons grated peel
1 pound unshelled walnuts = 1-1/2 to 1-3/4 cups shelled
1 pound unshelled almonds = 3/4 to 1 cup shelled
8 to 10 egg whites = 1 cup
12 to 14 egg yolk = 1 cup

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Equivalents

3 tsp. = 1 tbsp.
2 tbsp. = 1/8 c.
4 tbsp = 1/4 c.
8 tbsp. = 1/2 c.
16 tbsp. = 1 c.
5 tbsp. + 1 tsp. = 1/3 c.
12 tbsp. = 3/4 c.
4 oz. = 1/2 c.
8 oz. = 1 c.
5/8 c. = 1/2 c. + 2 tbsp.
7/8 c. = 3/4 c. + 2 tbsp.
16 oz. = 1 lb.
1 oz. = 2 tbsp. fat or liquid
2 c. fat = 1 lb.
2 c. = 1 pt.
2 pt. = 1 qt.
1 qt. = 4 c.
a few grains = less than 1/8 tsp.
pinch is as much as can be taken between tip of finger and thumb
speck = less than 1/8 tsp.

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Metric Conversion

1 tsp.   =   4.9 cc
1 tbsp.  =  14.7 cc
1/3 c.   =  28.9 cc
1/8 c.   =  29.5 cc
1/4 c.   =  59.1 cc
1/2 c.   = 118.3 cc
3/4 c.   = 177.5 cc
1 c.     = 236.7 cc
2 c.     = 473.4 cc
1 fl oz. =  29.5 cc
4 oz.    = 118.3 cc
8 oz.    = 236.7 cc
1 pt.    = 473.4 cc
1 qt.    = 0.946 liters
1 gal.   =   3.7 liters

1 dry oz. = 28.3 grams
1 lb. = 0.454 kilograms

From: Patti Vincent
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British ingredients and cooking terms and their American counterparts British American   Ale Strong beer Anchovy essence Anchovy paste Aubergine Eggplant Ashet Meat dish   Bacon rashers Bacon slices Baking tray Cookie sheet Bangers Sausages Bannock Flat, round cakes Bap Hambuger bun Beetroot Beets Belly of pork Pork arm steak Bicarbonate of soda Baking soda Biscuits Crackers,cookies Blaeberries Bilberries, raspberries or blueberries Blind pie case Empty pie shell Boiling fowl Stewing fowl Blood heat (98.6 F) Lukewarm Braising steak Chuck steak Broad beans Fava, lima or java beans Bully beef Corned beef   Cake mixture Cake batter Case Pie shell Castor sugar Granulated sugar Cheddar, Scottish Cheddar, American Chicory Endive Chilli Chili pepper Chipolata sausages Cocktail sausages Chips French fries Clotted cream Whipped heavy whipping cream Coriander leaves Cilantro Cornflour Cornstarch Cos lettuce Romaine Courgette Small zucchini, summer squash Creamed (potatoes) Mashed Crisps Potato Chips   Demerara sugar Brown sugar, light Digestive biscuits Graham crackers Double cream Whipping cream Dripping Meat drippings   Essence Extract   Faggot Meatball Fairy cake Cupcake Farls Quarters Farola Milled wheat or semolina Fats Shortening Finnan haddie Smoked haddock French bean Green bean Frying pan Skillet   Gammon Ham Gelatine Gelatin Girnel Canister or meal chest Girdle Griddle Glacé Candied Goblet (of liquidizer) Bowl or container (of blender) Golden syrup Light corn syrup Greaseproof paper Wax paper, parchment paper Green cured bacon Unsmoked bacon Grill, a Broiler Grill, to Broil Grill pan Broiling pan Gut (fish) Clean   Haricot beans Navy or white beans Hob Stovetop Hodgils Oatmeal dumpling   Icing Frosting Icing sugar Confectioners' sugar   Jacket potato Baked potato Jam Preserves Jelly Jello Jelly bag Use several layers of cheesecloth Joint (of meat) Roast (of meat)   Kail Kale Kippers Kippered herrings Kitchen paper Paper towels Knead/knock back (dough)    Punch down Knuckle of veal Veal shanks   Lettuce, a Head of lettuce Liquidizer/Mixer Blender/Mixer   Maize Corn Mangetout Snow peas Marmite® brand name pungent yeast extract spread/flavouring Marrow Giant zucchini type squash Middle neck of lamb Neck of lamb Mince Ground meat Mince, to Grind Minced beef Ground beef Mincedmeat Pie filling of dried fruit, peel, brandy, etc. very occasionally contains meat Mixed spice Allspice Morello cherries Sour cherries Mushroom ketchup Pungent condiment (try 1/2 tsp olive oil, 1/2 tsp vinegar & 1 tsp beef stock)   Neeps mashed yellow turnip, rutabaga Nut (of butter) Pat   Offal variety or organ meats (liver, heart, kidney)   Packet puff pastry Prepared puff pastry Pickled pork Cured pork Pigeon Squab Pine kernels Pine nuts Pinhead oatmeal Irish oatmeal Pips Seeds Pluck Organ meats, selection of Preserve Preserves Pudding A steamed, baked or boiled dish, sweet or meat/veg base Pudding cloth Cheesecloth Plain flour All-purpose flour Polythene Plastic wrap [Saran Wrap®] Prawns Large shrimp Prove Rise Punnet berry basket, about a pint or 250g by weight   Rashers Bacon slices Ratafia biscuits Almond flavoured cookies or dried macaroons Rocket Arugula   Salt beef Corned beef brisket Sandwich tins Round-layer pans Scallion Scallion/green onion Scag end neck of lamb Neck of lamb Seal Sear Self-raising flour 3/4 cup all-purpose flour sifted with 1 tsp baking powder & 1/4 tsp salt Seville oranges to each quart of sliced naval/Florida oranges add one lemon sliced thin Sharon fruit Persimmon Sherbet Powdered candy Shredded suet Chopped beef suet Sieve, to Sift Silver beet Swiss chard Silverside Top round beef Single cream Light cream Sirloin Porterhouse Steak Soft brown sugar Light brown sugar Soya sauce Soy sauce Spurtle Wooden spoon or spatula Squash (cordial) Juice drink from concentrate Stalk Remove stalks Stewing steak Braising beef Stick celery Celery stalk Stoned raisins Seedless raisins Streaky bacon Regular bacon Strong plain flour Unbleached white flour Sultanas Seedless white raisins   Tart Pie Tartlet pan Muffin pan Tatties Potatoes Top and tail (gooseberries) Clean Treacle Molasses   Vegetable mill Food mill   Whisk Beat, whip Wholemeal Wholewheat   From A Feast of Scotland by Janet Warren and other sources. To Print or Pin the Recipe, or to Post and/or Read Comments